电(Dian)话(Hua):(?)18739068944
邮(You)箱(Xiang):(?)zj18739068944@126.com
传(Chuan)真(Zhen):(?)
地(Di)址(Zhi):(?)洛(Luo)阳(Yang)偃(Yan)师(Shi)工(Gong)业(Ye)园(Yuan)区(Qu)
隧(Sui)道(Dao)开(Kai)挖(Wa)都(Du)有(You)哪(Na)些(Xie)地(Di)质(Zhi)环(Huan)境(Jing)
隧(Sui)道(Dao)开(Kai)挖(Wa)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)会(Hui)遇(Yu)到(Dao)多(Duo)种(Zhong)地(Di)质(Zhi)条(Tiao)件(Jian),(?)这(Zhe)些(Xie)地(Di)质(Zhi)条(Tiao)件(Jian)对(Dui)隧(Sui)道(Dao)的(De)施(Shi)工(Gong)安(An)全(Quan)、(?)进(Jin)度(Du)和(He)成(Cheng)本(Ben)都(Du)有(You)重(Zhong)要(Yao)影(Ying)响(Xiang)。(?)以(Yi)下(Xia)是(Shi)一(Yi)些(Xie)常(Chang)见(Jian)的(De)隧(Sui)道(Dao)开(Kai)挖(Wa)地(Di)质(Zhi)类(Lei)型(Xing):(?)
一(Yi)、(?)岩(Yan)石(Shi)地(Di)层(Ceng)
硬(Ying)质(Zhi)岩(Yan)石(Shi):(?)如(Ru)花(Hua)岗(Gang)岩(Yan)、(?)石(Shi)灰(Hui)岩(Yan)等(Deng),(?)这(Zhe)些(Xie)岩(Yan)石(Shi)强(Qiang)度(Du)高(Gao),(?)稳(Wen)定(Ding)性(Xing)好(Hao),(?)但(Dan)开(Kai)挖(Wa)难(Nan)度(Du)大(Da),(?)通(Tong)常(Chang)需(Xu)要(Yao)采(Cai)用(Yong)爆(Bao)破(Po)或(Huo)其(Qi)他(Ta)机(Ji)械(Xie)方(Fang)法(Fa)。(?)
软(Ruan)质(Zhi)岩(Yan)石(Shi):(?)如(Ru)泥(Ni)质(Zhi)砂(Sha)岩(Yan)、(?)砂(Sha)质(Zhi)泥(Ni)岩(Yan)等(Deng),(?)这(Zhe)些(Xie)岩(Yan)石(Shi)强(Qiang)度(Du)较(Jiao)低(Di),(?)容(Rong)易(Yi)破(Po)碎(Sui),(?)但(Dan)稳(Wen)定(Ding)性(Xing)差(Cha),(?)开(Kai)挖(Wa)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)容(Rong)易(Yi)发(Fa)生(Sheng)坍(Tan)塌(Ta)。(?)
断(Duan)层(Ceng)破(Po)碎(Sui)带(Dai):(?)这(Zhe)是(Shi)隧(Sui)道(Dao)施(Shi)工(Gong)中(Zhong)常(Chang)见(Jian)的(De)不(Bu)良(Liang)地(Di)质(Zhi)地(Di)段(Duan),(?)岩(Yan)体(Ti)挤(Ji)压(Ya)破(Po)碎(Sui),(?)自(Zi)稳(Wen)能(Neng)力(Li)下(Xia)降(Jiang),(?)容(Rong)易(Yi)坍(Tan)塌(Ta),(?)施(Shi)工(Gong)困(Kun)难(Nan)。(?)
二(?)、(?)特(Te)殊(Shu)地(Di)质(Zhi)
膨(Peng)胀(Zhang)岩(Yan)地(Di)层(Ceng):(?)这(Zhe)类(Lei)岩(Yan)石(Shi)具(Ju)有(You)吸(Xi)水(Shui)膨(Peng)胀(Zhang)软(Ruan)化(Hua)、(?)失(Shi)水(Shui)收(Shou)缩(Suo)硬(Ying)裂(Lie)的(De)特(Te)性(Xing),(?)对(Dui)隧(Sui)道(Dao)施(Shi)工(Gong)的(De)安(An)全(Quan)和(He)稳(Wen)定(Ding)性(Xing)构(Gou)成(Cheng)威(Wei)胁(Xie)。(?)
挤(Ji)压(Ya)性(Xing)围(Wei)岩(Yan):(?)在(Zai)高(Gao)地(Di)应(Ying)力(Li)作(Zuo)用(Yong)下(Xia),(?)这(Zhe)类(Lei)岩(Yan)石(Shi)容(Rong)易(Yi)产(Chan)生(Sheng)“(?)剪(Jian)胀(Zhang)”(?)现(Xian)象(Xiang),(?)导(Dao)致(Zhi)隧(Sui)道(Dao)变(Bian)形(Xing)和(He)破(Po)坏(Huai)。(?)
黄(Huang)土(Tu)地(Di)层(Ceng):(?)黄(Huang)土(Tu)具(Ju)有(You)湿(Shi)陷(Xian)性(Xing),(?)遇(Yu)水(Shui)易(Yi)软(Ruan)化(Hua),(?)开(Kai)挖(Wa)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)易(Yi)发(Fa)生(Sheng)坍(Tan)塌(Ta)。(?)
三(San)、(?)不(Bu)良(Liang)地(Di)质(Zhi)
滑(Hua)坡(Po)、(?)崩(Beng)塌(Ta)、(?)岩(Yan)堆(Dui):(?)这(Zhe)些(Xie)地(Di)质(Zhi)现(Xian)象(Xiang)可(Ke)能(Neng)导(Dao)致(Zhi)隧(Sui)道(Dao)开(Kai)挖(Wa)面(Mian)失(Shi)稳(Wen),(?)增(Zeng)加(Jia)施(Shi)工(Gong)难(Nan)度(Du)和(He)风(Feng)险(Xian)。(?)
岩(Yan)溶(Rong):(?)岩(Yan)溶(Rong)地(Di)区(Qu)的(De)地(Di)质(Zhi)条(Tiao)件(Jian)复(Fu)杂(Za)多(Duo)变(Bian),(?)可(Ke)能(Neng)存(Cun)在(Zai)溶(Rong)洞(Dong)、(?)暗(An)河(He)等(Deng),(?)对(Dui)隧(Sui)道(Dao)施(Shi)工(Gong)构(Gou)成(Cheng)严(Yan)重(Zhong)威(Wei)胁(Xie)。(?)
高(Gao)应(Ying)力(Li)、(?)高(Gao)强(Qiang)度(Du)地(Di)层(Ceng):(?)这(Zhe)类(Lei)地(Di)层(Ceng)对(Dui)隧(Sui)道(Dao)的(De)支(Zhi)护(Hu)结(Jie)构(Gou)要(Yao)求(Qiu)较(Jiao)高(Gao),(?)需(Xu)要(Yao)采(Cai)取(Qu)特(Te)殊(Shu)的(De)施(Shi)工(Gong)措(Cuo)施(Shi)。(?)
四(Si)、(?)其(Qi)他(Ta)地(Di)质(Zhi)
松(Song)散(San)地(Di)层(Ceng):(?)如(Ru)砂(Sha)层(Ceng)、(?)砾(Li)石(Shi)层(Ceng)等(Deng),(?)这(Zhe)些(Xie)地(Di)层(Ceng)开(Kai)挖(Wa)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)容(Rong)易(Yi)发(Fa)生(Sheng)流(Liu)沙(Sha)、(?)管(Guan)涌(Yong)等(Deng)现(Xian)象(Xiang)。(?)
软(Ruan)土(Tu)地(Di)层(Ceng):(?)如(Ru)淤(Yu)泥(Ni)质(Zhi)土(Tu)、(?)软(Ruan)粘(Zhan)土(Tu)等(Deng),(?)这(Zhe)些(Xie)地(Di)层(Ceng)承(Cheng)载(Zai)力(Li)低(Di),(?)稳(Wen)定(Ding)性(Xing)差(Cha),(?)开(Kai)挖(Wa)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)需(Xu)要(Yao)采(Cai)取(Qu)加(Jia)固(Gu)措(Cuo)施(Shi)。(?)
隧(Sui)道(Dao)开(Kai)挖(Wa)的(De)应(Ying)对(Dui)措(Cuo)施(Shi)
针(Zhen)对(Dui)以(Yi)上(Shang)不(Bu)同(Tong)的(De)地(Di)质(Zhi)条(Tiao)件(Jian),(?)隧(Sui)道(Dao)开(Kai)挖(Wa)需(Xu)要(Yao)采(Cai)取(Qu)相(Xiang)应(Ying)的(De)应(Ying)对(Dui)措(Cuo)施(Shi),(?)以(Yi)确(Que)保(Bao)施(Shi)工(Gong)安(An)全(Quan)和(He)质(Zhi)量(Liang)。(?)
例(Li)如(Ru):(?)
在(Zai)硬(Ying)质(Zhi)岩(Yan)石(Shi)地(Di)层(Ceng)中(Zhong),(?)可(Ke)以(Yi)采(Cai)用(Yong)爆(Bao)破(Po)法(Fa)或(Huo)掘(Jue)进(Jin)机(Ji)法(Fa)进(Jin)行(Xing)开(Kai)挖(Wa)。(?)
在(Zai)软(Ruan)质(Zhi)岩(Yan)石(Shi)和(He)断(Duan)层(Ceng)破(Po)碎(Sui)带(Dai)中(Zhong),(?)需(Xu)要(Yao)加(Jia)强(Qiang)支(Zhi)护(Hu)措(Cuo)施(Shi),(?)如(Ru)采(Cai)用(Yong)钢(Gang)拱(Gong)架(Jia)、(?)喷(Pen)射(She)混(Hun)凝(Ning)土(Tu)等(Deng)。(?)
在(Zai)膨(Peng)胀(Zhang)岩(Yan)地(Di)层(Ceng)和(He)挤(Ji)压(Ya)性(Xing)围(Wei)岩(Yan)中(Zhong),(?)需(Xu)要(Yao)采(Cai)取(Qu)超(Chao)前(Qian)注(Zhu)浆(Jiang)加(Jia)固(Gu)、(?)控(Kong)制(Zhi)爆(Bao)破(Po)等(Deng)措(Cuo)施(Shi)。(?)
在(Zai)不(Bu)良(Liang)地(Di)质(Zhi)地(Di)段(Duan),(?)如(Ru)滑(Hua)坡(Po)、(?)崩(Beng)塌(Ta)、(?)岩(Yan)溶(Rong)等(Deng)区(Qu)域(Yu),(?)需(Xu)要(Yao)加(Jia)强(Qiang)地(Di)质(Zhi)预(Yu)报(Bao)和(He)监(Jian)控(Kong)量(Liang)测(Ce)工(Gong)作(Zuo),(?)及(Ji)时(Shi)调(Diao)整(Zheng)施(Shi)工(Gong)方(Fang)案(An)。(?)